How do people with disability and complex needs experience the built environment in apartments designed for people with disability?

Abstract

Introduction: Despite evidence supporting the benefits of individualised disability housing, the extent to which the built environment in these housing models meets the needs of tenants with disability and complex needs remains unclear. One form of individualised housing includes apartments designed for people with disability peppered throughout larger apartment complexes. In this study, we aimed to explore the experience of the built environment for people living in these apartments. Methods: Thirteen adults with disabilities and complex needs (Ehlers–Danlos syndrome = 3; cerebral palsy = 1; spinal cord injury = 1; neuromuscular disorder = 1; multiple sclerosis = 2; other neurological = 4; and other = 1) who had been residing in apartments for 6 months undertook semi-structured interviews. Interviews were guided by the residential interview component of the Residential Environment Impact Scale, Version 4.0. Using grounded theory principles, the interview transcripts were analysed through a process of data-driven open and focussed coding. Consumer and Community Involvement: Consumers and community members were not involved in the development or implementation of the research or writing of the manuscript. Findings: The analysis revealed four overarching themes: (1) having adequate space to meet needs; (2) requiring accessible design; (3) integrating technology into the built environment; and (4) regulating the sensory space. Central to experiences was participants' sense of autonomy within the built environment. Moreover, participants emphasised the importance of design elements and social systems within which these apartments are situated. Conclusion: The findings underscore the pivotal role the built environment plays in shaping the lives of tenants with disabilities and complex needs. They also highlight early challenges and opportunities to improve the adaptability and functionality of apartments designed for people with disabilities. Recommendations include enhancing the integration of home automation and assistive technologies and ensuring prospective tenants have clear information about their tenancy, including constraints specific to the built environment of apartment living.