New Theoretical Trends in Food Geography and the Perspective on Japan

  • ARAKI H
  • TAKAHASHI M
  • GOTO T
  • et al.
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Abstract

New theoretical trends in food geography and the perspective on Japan 荒木一視・高橋 誠・後藤拓也・池田真志・岩間信之・ 伊賀聖屋・立見淳哉・池口明子 ARAKI Hitoshi, TAKAHASHI Makoto, GOTO Takuya, IKEDA Masashi, IWAMA Nobuyuki, IGA Masaya, TATEMI Junya and IKEGUCHI Akiko 近年「食」に関する関心が高まっている.農場で,また市場で,あるいはレストランや家庭において新 たなタイプの「食」が出現する一方,グローバル化するフードシステムの中でいかにして安全性を保つか が重要な政策課題ともなっている.こうした複雑な状況は,どのように理解できるだろうか.とりわけ欧 米諸国のこうした問題に取り組んでいる食料の地理学が,おそらく有益な示唆を与えるものと思われる. 食料の地理学は様々な分野間の議論の舞台となっており,そこに参加するためには,また食料生産から消 費にかかわる日本の状況を理解するためにも,そこで鍵となっている概念や方法論を共有することが重要 であると考える.本稿では,こうした食料の地理学にかかわる近年のいくつかの動向について,具体的に, フードレジーム,グローバル商品連鎖,フードデザート,フードネットワーク,アクターネットワーク理 論,コンヴァンシオン経済学などのキーワードでとらえられる一連の研究を紹介し,それぞれの理論的特 徴と,日本の文脈への援用可能性について検討する.その際,それらの研究が展開されてきた学術的な背 景のみならず,欧米と日本との社会的な文脈の差違にも注目した.結局のところ,さらなる国際的・学際 的な議論とともに,国際比較を念頭においた実証研究がさらに必要である. Japanese society has recently seen growing public concern about the issues of food. The government increasingly takes responsibility for food security in the globalized food systems, while new types of food practice are certainly emerging in farms, markets, restaurants and household. How can we understand such complicated situations? The food geography, tackling these issues especially in the western developed countries, probably provides a significant arena for the inter-and intra-disciplinary discussion. In order to attend this arena, as well as to understand the current situation of food production and consumption in Japan itself, it is necessary to share the key concepts and frameworks , which have dominated some recent subjects of food geography. This paper presents some discussion about how we can approach the issues of food in particular in the political-economic and socio-cultural contexts of Japan, conceptually focusing on the notions of the food regime, the global commodity chain, food deserts, the food network, the economics of conventions and actor-network theory, respectively. Most if not all of these notions have been articulated in the contexts of Anglo-American and European countries. This paper attempts to explore the possibilities of applying them to the Japanese context, with reference both to the academic background of their proponents and to the contextual difference between western and Japanese societies. As concluding remarks, we argue that we need further international and inter-disciplinary discussions and empirical studies from cross-cultural perspectives. キーワード: 食の地理学,食の質,ネットワーク,地理学理論

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ARAKI, H., TAKAHASHI, M., GOTO, T., IKEDA, M., IWAMA, N., IGA, M., … IKEGUCHI, A. (2007). New Theoretical Trends in Food Geography and the Perspective on Japan. E-Journal GEO, 2(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.4157/ejgeo.2.43

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