Deep neural network prediction of modified stepped double-slope solar still with a cotton wick and cobalt oxide nanofluid

Abstract

This research work intends to enhance the stepped double-slope solar still performance through an experimental assessment of combining linen wicks and cobalt oxide nanoparticles to the stepped double-slope solar still to improve the water evaporation and water production. The results illustrated that the cotton wicks and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanofluid with 1wt% increased the hourly freshwater output (HP) and instantaneous thermal efficiency (ITE). On the other hand, this study compares four machine learning methods to create a prediction model of tubular solar still performance. The methods developed and compared are support vector regressor (SVR), decision tree regressor, neural network, and deep neural network based on experimental data. This problem is a multi-output prediction problem which is HP and ITE. The prediction performance for the SVR was the lowest, with 70 (ml/m2 h) mean absolute error (MAE) for HP and 4.5% for ITE. Decision tree regressor has a better prediction for HP with 33 (ml/m2 h) MAE and almost the same MAE for ITE. Neural network has a better prediction for HP with 28 (ml/m2 h) MAE and a bit worse prediction for ITE with 5.7%. The best model used the deep neural network with 1.94 (ml/m2 h) MAE for HP and 0.67% MAE for ITE.