Slum upgrading based on flood mitigation for resilience of Manado City

Abstract

The resilience of a city is created by the resilience of all parts of the city that are able to adapt on occurred changes, whether climate change or natural disaster, unexpected development changes and social and economic turmoil of urban society. One area of the city that has a high level of vulnerability to these changes is the settlement that is located around the riverbank area. It is generally identified as slums that have irregular settlement patterns, unsuitable housing conditions and not equipped with infrastructure and facilities of settlements adequate, which cause the settlements can't survive when the floods occurred. Manado City as the capital of North Sulawesi Province, according to Decree of Mayor of Manado Number 163 of 2015 on Determination of Slum Area, there are 13 slum areas around the river border with high flood vulnerability level. Recorded in January 2014 there has been a massive flood in Manado that caused damage and huge losses and even casualties in these areas. This is due to irregular settlements and lack of infrastructure. This study was conducted in one of the slum-heavy at Sindulang Satu District covering aspects of land use analysis, river and coastal boundary conditions, building conditions and disaster mitigation infrastructure systems (river embankments, drainage channels, circulation systems and evacuation routes, green open spaces, electricity, etc). The results show that the boundary area of the river needs to be restructured, the river embankment and drainage channel are repaired, the high density of the building needs to be reduced to provide sufficient open spaces, the need to build disaster evacuation routes, improved building conditions and provide an alternative source of electricity and clean water so that if there is a disaster then the area can survive.