Visual symptoms in epilepsy and migraine: Localization and patterns

Abstract

Purpose: To clarify differences in the localization of visual symptom patterns in epilepsy and migraine, we analyzed patient-generated illustrations of visual symptoms. Methods: Patients were asked to draw their visual symptoms from memory using marker pens of 12 colors. All patients illustrated their symptoms on a template sheet representing the binocular visual field. We analyzed a total of 67 illustrations from 54 patients aged 6-40 years: 28 with epilepsy, 23 with migraine, and 3 with migraine-epilepsy syndrome. Results: With respect to positive visual manifestations, those of epileptic patients were predominantly centrally localized (20 of 24, 83%), whereas those of migraine patients were predominantly peripherally localized (10 of 13, 77%) (p < 0.0001). With respect to negative visual symptoms, those in epilepsy were commonly diffuse (10 of 14, 71%) compared with those in migraine, which were peripheral (9 of 12, 75%) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Results of this study suggest that the localization of visual symptoms differs between epilepsy and migraine.