Comparison of 1999 and 2018 Periodontal Disease Classifications in Diabetic and Smoker Groups: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate whether the 2018 classification is more successful in reflecting the severity, prevalence, and progression of the disease by evaluating the risk factors compared to 1999. Material and Methods: The 202 periodontitis patients (120 men, 82 woman; mean age: 43.23±9.81 years) demographic data, med- ical history and periodontal clinical examinations were used to assign periodontal disease classifications according to 1999 [localized and generalized aggressive/chronic periodontitis (CP)] and 2018 (localized and generalized Stage I-IV and Grade A-C periodontitis) classification systems, retrospectively. Three groups were established based on risk factors [diabetes mellitus (Group D), smoking (Group S), systemic healthy (Group H)]. Results: Statistically significant difference was detected between the distributions of the 1999 and the 2018 classifica- tion in D, S, and H groups (p<0.001). 41.7% of generalized severe CP were reclassified as generalized Stage-3 Grade-C periodontitis in the D group. In the S group, 71.9% of the generalized severe CP were re- classified as generalized Stage-3 Grade-C periodontitis. In the H group, 94.7% of localized mild CP, 76.9% of localized moderate CP were re- classified as localized Stage-1 Grade-A periodontitis, localized Stage- 2 Grade-B periodontitis. Conclusion: The 2018 periodontal disease classification provides clinicians with more information about patients' current clinical-medical status and prognosis