Comparative study on the effect of Grape seed extract and sodium fluoride on demineralized Cementum of Human premolar samples

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to investigate: both effect of Grape seed extract and NaF on demineralized cementum of human premolar samples using Scanning electron microscope and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX)-Polarized light microscope (PLM). Materials and Methods: Thirty maxillary first premolars were assigned to three main groups (I,II,III) as the following: GI was a control group, GII was treated with grape seed extract and GIII was treated with sodium fluoride. Group I was equally divided into two subgroups, five premolars each: a negative control (received no treatment) and a positive control (after immersed in demineralizing solution). The specimens were subjected to pH cycling twice daily for two weeks, then analyzed by scanning electron with EDX and polarized light microscopy. Results: SEM analysis showed regular narrow cracks in some areas with decreaing signs of resorption on the mineralized cementum in both groups II,III. Polarized light microscopic analysis showed mineral precipitation band on the surface of treated cementum lesions without area of demineralization. Wide birefringent zone known as remineralizing zone (RZ) was also observed in GII. While in GIII, thin birefringent zone was also observed. Conclusion:Based on the data obtained in this in vitro study, it is suggested that grape seed extract promote remineralization of artificial cementum carious lesions probably through a different mechanism than that of sodium fluoride. GSE might be considered an effective natural agent in treatment of early carious lesions.