Presence of the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is associated with enhanced IL-1β production in vitro

Abstract

The genes of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) complex code for three proteins: IL-1α, IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-IRA). Each of these genes is polymorphic and there is increasing evidence that certain alleles are associated with increased susceptibility to a given disease of inflammatory nature. In the IL-1β gene there are two base-exchange polymorphisms in positions -511 and +3953, and IL-1RA gene has a penta-allelic polymorphic site in intron 2 containing variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat sequence. As the IL-1β/IL-1RA ratio may be critical in the regulation of inflammation, we examined whether there are allelic associations between these loci (thus suggesting co-ordinate regulation) and whether these have an effect on the in vitro production of IL-Iβ. We found that the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL1RN*2) is associated with the presence of allele 2 of the IL-Iβ gene (position -511) and with the absence of allele 2 of the IL-1β gene (position +3953). Mononuclear cells from carriers of allele 2 (position -511) and non- carriers of allele 2 (position +3953) had a slight, but non-significant, elevated capacity to produce IL-1β in vitro. However, IL-1RA allele 2 strongly increased in vitro production of IL- Iβ, regardless of the presence or absence of these alleles. Taken together, these data suggest that the known allelisms in the IL- 1β gene are not major regulators of the in vitro IL- Iβ production, but the IL-1RA allele 2 (or an unknown allele strongly associated with it) has a decisive role.