Metal-Based Drugs in Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Metal-based drugs have emerged as pivotal therapeutics in cancer therapy, enlightening a path toward innovative and effective treatment strategies. Platinum-based therapeutics, notably cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, have transformed the landscape of cancer treatment, setting the stage for the development of next-generation metal-based compounds. This article explores the design of metal-based drugs, including their complex coordination chemistry, tailored drug delivery strategies, and mechanisms of action. Notably, metal-based compounds form covalent bonds with DNA, disrupting vital cellular processes and inducing apoptosis in cancerous tissues. Even though contemporary chemotherapy, as well as radiotherapeutic methods, have greatly increased patient survival rates, disease recurrence still represents a fatal danger. The probability of metastasis and drug resistance is increased by the incomplete clearance of neoplastic tissues from the body. This review explores the compelling journey of metal-based compounds like platinum, ruthenium, and copper, from their historical significance to their pivotal role in modern oncology. Also, it discusses the recent advancements and emerging trends that promise to shape the future of metallodrugs. While looking into the mechanism of action of these drugs, it was revealed that in addition to producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal-based drugs also impede enzyme functions and bind DNA to exert their anti-cancer effects. The shining promise for metal-based drugs in cancer remedies holds the potential to revolutionize treatment paradigms, offering hope and resilience in the ongoing battle against one of humanity's most relentless adversaries.