Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) dan Uji Aktivitasnya Terhadap Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

ABSTRAK Kesehatan mulut yang terjaga dapat membantu terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Salah satunya menghindari karies gigi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Daun leunca memiliki kandungan antibakteri dan antiinflamasi seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, fenol, saponin, tanin dan minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan ekstrak daun leunca (Solanum nigrum L.) sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan obat kumur herbal serta menguji stabilitas fisiknya. Ekstrak daun leunca diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Obat kumur dibuat dalam 3 formula yaitu F1, F2 dan F3 dengan memvariasikan konsentrasi ekstrak daun leunca sebanyak 1,5%, 2%, dan 3% lalu dievaluasi fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji viskositas, dan uji antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Diperoleh formulasi obat kumur terbaik pada F3 setelah pengujian selama 4 minggu memiliki stabilitas fisik yang baik, serta paling efektif sebagai antibakteri dibandingkan dengan F1, F2 dan obat kumur komersial. ABSTRACT The healthy and clean mouth is very important to avoid any diseases infection. One of them is preventing the dental caries caused by Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Leunca leaves have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory contents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins and essential oils. This research aims to formulate leunca leaf extract (Solanum nigrum L.) as the basic ingredient in the making of herbal mouthwashes with its physical stability were being tested. The leunca leaf extract was obtained from the extraction process of maceration with 96% ethanol. The herbal mouthwash was made in 3 formulas namely F1, F2 and F3 by varying the concentration of leunca leaf extract from 1.5%, 2%, and 3% then to be evaluated physically including organoleptis test, pH test, viscosity test, and antibacterial test against Streptococcus mutans. The best mouthwash formulation was obtained as F3 which has the good physical stability testing after 4 weeks, and being the most effective antibacterial formula compared to F1, F2 and the commercial mouthwash.