Implementation of IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring Stations in Educational Institutions

Abstract

The research undertakes the evaluation of air quality in schools via the implementation of a system based on the Internet of Things in the entire area of Kosovo, using the data obtained from a network of thirty-five monitoring stations distributed across 22 municipalities for the years from 2019 to 2024. The research focuses on determining the levels of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) and gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and several other air pollutants. One of the most important aspects of the study is the use of low-cost sensors that are enhanced with Internet of Things capabilities, where data is collected in real time and disseminated through the website and mobile application. The study reveals seasonal variation and notes that pollution levels were high during the winter season because of heating emissions. Findings also show that Kosovo air quality is mostly above recommended limits, especially in urban areas, and the findings are compared to European Union air quality benchmarks and other regional standards.