Sensor Architecture and Routing Algorithm for Surveillance of International Border Using Linear Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

Conventionally, the countries viewed the integrity of physical international border as a very challenging task. As, with theincreasing risks of terrorist activity, illegal transportation of peoples, weapons and drugs, the countries face unrivaled challenges in securing their borders efficiently. To cater these challengesvariousconformist approaches were formed in the recent past. However, all such approaches require a thorough manual intervention and high maintenance costs. This advocated to use new technologies which can decrease the maintenance costs and increase the performance of the border surveillance system. Recently Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSN) have attracted the researcher due to the type of topology used in LWSN for the security of linear structures. As the international borders are also linear in nature, so the LWSN could be a best option for the security of these borders. In the era of wireless technologies, energy consumption and data security are the most challenging tasks. This works reveals the minimization of the energy consumption rate on the constrained sensor nodes and, ensuring the privacy of the shared data. Recently, Zone Based Routing Protocol (ZRP) have emerged as one of the efficient routing protocols to improve energy consumption and packet delivery ratio. The efficacy of this work demonstrates the applicability of the A* algorithm with a base of ZRP that enhances the communication flow, packet delivery ratio and energy consumption rate. The results obtained after the simulation done on NS2 on time duration from 0 to 60 s, have shown better performance (08–10%) of the proposed approach when compared to the state of art approaches for all the parameters namely communication overhead, packet delivery ratio and average energy consumption.