Long-term immune response after liver transplantation in patients with spontaneous or post-treatment HCV-RNA clearance

Abstract

Recurrent HCV infection after liver transplantation is universal and sustained clearance of HCV-RNA rarely occurs. The aim of this study was to characterize cell-mediated immunity and cytokine production in HCV-infected patients after liver transplant. The study included 6 pretransplantation patients (PT) and 15 liver transplanted patients, including 5 with spontaneous HCV-RNA clearance (SC group), 5 with sustained virological response after antiviral treatment (SVR group), and 5 no response (NR group). The control group included 5 HCV-RNA negative, anti-HCV negative healthy individuals. This study examines proliferative T-cell response and cytokine production (gamma-interferon and IL-10) after HCV specific and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from each group. Multispecific proliferative responses to HCV antigens (mean Stimulation Index; SI) were higher in the SVR group (mean SI 7.4 ± 2) and SC group, as compared with the NR group (P < .05, vs SVR) and PT group (P