The Importance of Religion, Money and Power in the Age of Muawiyah bin Abu Sufyan 41-60 H/661-679 AD

Abstract

Objectives: The study aimed to identify Muawiya's perception of caliphate and investigate the policies he implemented to establish his rule. The investigation focuses on how he won the loyalty of the Arab tribes in the Levant to gain more allies and the methods he used, such as monetization, prudence, and power, to solidify his rule and transition the governing system into a monarchy. Methods: The research utilizes a historical approach primarily relying on the review of historical accounts and texts derived from ancient and contemporary resources to conduct the research. Results: The study reveals that Muawiya, who served as a long-term governor in the Levant during the caliphates of Omar and Othman, was a well-experienced leader heavily influenced by the Byzantine systems in the Levant. His experience and knowledge enabled him to ascend to the Islamic Caliphate's throne, using money to win more allies to strengthen his power. Conclusion: The study concludes that Muawiya used religion to serve his personal desires and whims. Portraying himself as the defender of Islam, he built a marine fleet, conquered the Mediterranean islands, and waged wars against the infidels and the Byzantines. He also propagated the belief that his caliphate was predestined, convincing people to accept it as a divine will.