Exploring the Potential Role of Centella asiatica in Burn Wound Healing: A Literature Review

Abstract

Burns continue to be a significant medical emergency and affect all age groups, both men and women, in both developed and developing countries. Burns are frequent injuries and are linked to high levels of disability, mortality, numerous surgeries, extended hospital stays, rehabilitation, and significant healthcare expenses. Second-degree burns, which are among the most common types of burns that occur in household settings, require appropriate treatment to ensure proper healing. While many topical treatments for burn wounds are available, there remains a shortage of effective drugs, as most existing products prioritize antimicrobial properties over promoting actual wound healing. Natural remedies from plants and herbs have become an alternative to topical burn therapy. This review intends to assess the capability of Centella asiatica, or gotu kola, in aiding the healing of burn injuries. The influence of madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic, and asiatic acid—key bioactive compounds in this plant—on the TGF-β/Smad pathway has been established, highlighting their importance in wound healing. Enhancing this pathway leads to increased collagen synthesis, improved connective tissue repair, and better inflammatory regulation, which together facilitate wound healing. Clinical evidence supports the use of Centella asiatica-based dressings for accelerating burn wound recovery and reducing hospitalization time. These results further validate its role as a potent healing agent, largely through its effects on the TGF-β/Smad pathway.