Metal-Coordinated Polymer–Inorganic Hybrids: Synthesis, Properties, and Application

Abstract

This review examines the recent advancements and unique properties of polymer–inorganic hybrid materials formed through coordination bonding (Class II hybrids), which enable enhanced functionality and stability across various applications. Here, we categorize these materials based on properties gained through complexation, focusing on electrical conductivity, thermal stability, photophysical characteristics, catalytic activity, and nanoscale self-assembly. Two major synthetic approaches to making these hybrids include homogeneous and heterogeneous methods, each with distinct tradeoffs: Homogeneous synthesis is straightforward but requires favorable mixing between inorganic and polymer species, which are predominantly water-soluble complexes. In contrast, heterogeneous methods are post-processing techniques that provide high area selectivity for inorganic precursors, allowing precise integration within polymer matrices. Finally, we highlight the role of hybrid linkers, namely metallosupramolecular polymers, in creating structural diversity. These can be organized into three main groups: metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), coordination polymers (CPs), and supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs). Each of these groups introduces unique structural and functional properties that expand the potential applications of hybrid materials.