A Ray of Hope for Future Technology: Phosphorene

Abstract

In the recent times, two dimensional layered single crystals attracted huge attention to their tunable me- chanical, optical and electronic properties which have potential applications in future nanoelectronics and optoelectronics for large scale integration in low power technology. Phosphorene, the single- or few layer form of black phosphorus, was lately investigated as a two dimension layered material with motivating promising applications in the field of nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. However, there is still a need for developing its fundamental prop- erties, design schemes and growth techniques. In this context, we review about the recent progress in phosphorene studies, primarily on the fabrication process, properties, forthcoming applications and challenges. In this article, the anisotropic properties (electronic, optoelectronic, thermoelectric and mechanical) of phosphorene, due to its puckered structure is also highlighted. The extraordinary properties of phosphorene make it a future material for designing and fabrication of nanodevices, and more fundamental and technological developments can be established in the near future.