Chemical treatment of natural malva fibers and preparation of green composites with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)

Abstract

Malva fiber was submitted to alkali treatments with NaOH aqueous solutions at different concentrations, times and temperatures. Fiber samples were analyzed before and after treatments to study their effects on crystallinity, thermal stability and morphology. The results showed that the crystallinity index and thermal resistance significantly increased when the alkaline treatment was conducted with 7 % NaOH solution. Higher concentrations of NaOH, such as 10, 15 and 20 %, did not considerably increase the fiber crystallinity index. By X-ray diffraction, it was observed that defibrillation occurred in mercerized fibers, which is expected to be advantageous for use as fiber reinforcement in polymer matrices. The same fiber samples were mixed with a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) matrix in a twin-screw miniextruder at 453 K. The composites were analyzed by TGA and DMA to evaluate the influence of fiber addition in mechanical and thermal properties of the polymer.