Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan arhtropoda tanah pada lahan cabai dengan perlakuan bioremediasi

Abstract

Tingkat kontaminan di tanah dapat dikurangi dengan remediasi. Remediasi memungkinkan untuk menghancurkan atau membuat berbagai kontaminan menjadi tidak berbahaya menggunakan aktivitas biologis alami (bioremediasi). Kondisi lahan sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan bioremediasi dapat diketahui dengan menggunakan beberapa jenis arthropoda tanah sebagai indikator terhadap kesuburan tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menilai faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keanekaragaman, membandingkan kemiripan struktur, dan komposisi spesies arthropoda tanah sebagai bioindikator pulihnya sifat biologi tanah pada pertanaman cabai. Pengambilan sampel arthropoda tanah dilakukan di lahan cabai petani dengan 5 perlakuan bioremediasi di Desa Sangir Tengah, Kecamatan Kayu Aro, Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi dengan metode perangkap jebak (pitfall trap) yang dipasang selama 2 malam. Perlakuan bioremediasi yang dilakukan, yaitu kontrol (tanpa bioremediasi), dan 4 perlakuan bioremediasi (trichocompos 10 ton/ha, trichocompos + biochar ampas tebu dosis 2 ton/ha, trichocompos + biochar tongkol jagung dosis 2 ton/ha, dan trichocompos + biochar sekam padi dosis 2 ton/ha). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 9.712 individu yang termasuk dalam 10 ordo dan 28 spesies arthropoda tanah. Keanekaragaman arthropoda tanah pada perlakuan bioremediasi menunjukkan beda nyata (R = 0,3953; P < 0,001). Indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener tertinggi pada lahan kontrol demikian halnya dengan indeks kemerataan (E) yang berarti bahwa perlakuan bioremediasi tidak berpengaruh pada keanekargaman arthropoda tanah. Perlakuan bioremediasi pada lahan cabai tidak menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah ordo dan spesies.The level of contaminants in the land can be reduced by remediation. Remediation allows to destroy or makes contaminants into harmless using natural biological activities (bioremediation). Land conditions before and after bioremediation treatment is uses some kind of arthropods land as an indicator of soil fertility. This study aims to assess the factors affect diversity, compare the structural similarity, and species composition of soil arthropods as bioindicators of the recovery of soil biological properties in chili cultivation. Soil arthropod sampling was carried out on chili farmers' fields with 5 bioremediation treatments in Sangir Tengah Village, Kayu Aro District, Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province with the pitfall trap method that was installed for 2 nights. The bioremediation treatments were control (without bioremediation), and 4 bioremediation treatments (trichocompos 10 tons/ha, trichocompos + bagasse biochar at a dose of 2 tons/ha, trichocompos + corncob biochar at a dose of 2 tons/ha, and trichocompos + rice husk biochar at  a dose of 2 tons/ha. The results showed that there were 9,712 individuals belonging to 10 orders and 28 species of soil arthropods. The diversity of soil arthropods in the bioremediation treatment showed significant differences (R = 0.3953; P < 0.001). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was highest in the control land as well as the evenness index (E) which means that the bioremediation treatment had no effect on the diversity of soil arthropods. Bioremediation treatment on chili fields did not show an increase in the number of orders and species.