User Archetypes of a Well-Being–Promoting Mobile App Among Adults: Cross-Sectional Study and Cluster Analysis of Usage Patterns

Abstract

Background: A healthy lifestyle is associated with mental well-being, and digital lifestyle interventions can be effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle. However, they do not appear to work for all, and we have limited knowledge of how users’ background characteristics affect their tendency to adopt well-being–promoting digital apps and actively use them. Objective: This study aimed to explore the association of the study participants’ characteristics and current well-being with their likelihood of using a well-being–promoting mobile app. Methods: The BitHabit web app (Wellpro Impact Solutions Ltd) was available for a 2-month trial in spring 2023 after completing a short cross-sectional digital questionnaire with questions about well-being, life satisfaction, and lifestyle. Individuals aged 15 years or younger were excluded from the analysis. We used logistic regression to assess how individual characteristics were associated with the initiation of BitHabit app use. To assess user archetypes among those who initiated app use, and k-means clustering analysis and multinomial logistic regression to assess user archetypes among those who initiated app use. Results: A total of 1646 eligible individuals responded to the questionnaire, and 863 initiated app use. Lower odds of initiating app use were detected among males (odds ratio [OR] 0.66, 95% CI 0.51‐0.85; P