An Improved Method for Quick Quantification of Unsaturated Transferrin

Abstract

Blood iron levels play a vital role in oxygen metabolism and energy generation whilst transporter protein, transferrin, binds and delivers iron to the transferrin receptor of endosomal compartments of cells. Consequently, the iron-binding capacity of transferrin is an important indicator for many diseases, and its measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of anaemias. Various assays, including Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC), Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) and Transferrin Saturation (TS), were developed to assess the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. Clinically, UIBC is measured in serum by a multi-step liquid ferrozine method and subjected to interference from conditions such as haemolysis and lipemia. Here, we report a quick method that directly measures the concentration of apotransferrin in EDTA-treated plasma, theoretically equivalent to UIBC. Importantly, this supramolecular assembly-based method is more time-efficient, cost-effective and insensitive to serum cation fluctuations. With additional colorimetric property, this method also provides a visual indicator for abnormal health conditions with extreme transferrin statuses such as those found in cancers. Its minimal requirement for equipment would be particularly useful for diagnosis in remote and under-developed regions.