Development of an internet of things based electrochemical microfluidic system for free calcium detection

Abstract

This paper represents the design, fabrication, and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrochemical microfluidic system for free calcium concentration detection with a 3D printing technique. Free calcium solutions with desired concentrations between 0 and 40 μM can be obtained. The solutions were used to calibrate the system by using an impedance analyzer for monitoring the impedance change to determine the operating frequency. Continuously, an IoT enabled point of care device was used for real-time detection and to send signals to the cloud for sharing. The relationship between the concentration and reactance are y = -1.3812Lgx + 0.9809 at a wavelength of 450 Hz, with an R2 of 0.9719. We measured the calcium concentration changing from 39.8 μM to 1.35 μM (nearly real-time) by the PoC device and showed the concentration changes resulting with time on the cell phone app. The results depicted in this paper provide a strong platform for the precise and real-time monitoring of different biomedical samples.