Tolerance by denning Wolves, Canis lupus, to human disturbance

Abstract

Wolves are considered to be intolerant of human activity, especially near dens and pups. In recent years range extensions of the species in the upper Great Lakes region have brought Wolves in closer contact with humans. We report observations of Wolves tolerating human activity in close proximity to dens and rendezvous sites with pups. These include moss harvesting work in the Black River State Forest, Wisconsin; military maneuvers at Camp Ripley Military Reservation, and road construction work in the Superior National Forest in Minnesota.