Polymorphic grassroots networks and implications for disaster resilience in popular settlements in Sierra Leone, India and Kenya

Abstract

What grassroots networks are (re)activated during disasters in urban poor communities? How do their dynamic patterns diversify resilience outcomes? Using an interdisciplinary theoretical framework, this study analyses resilience initiatives undertaken by grassroots organizations (GROs) affiliated with Slum Dwellers International in Sierra Leone, Kenya and India. The findings demonstrate formation of polymorphic networks, characterized by a multilevel architecture and diverse linkages that adapt dynamically to navigate disasters. The GROs leverage old and new ties, which exhibit patterns of institutional learning, redundancy, reliance on street-level bureaucracy and isomorphism. Their networks are diverse, but mimetic isomorphism and hierarchical ties can affect their dynamism. The study reveals that old linkages and established practices are more effective in emergency response, but insufficient to drive innovation, scale existing interventions and potentially cause reforms. New linkages, active learning within and outside affiliated linkages, and proactive engagement of local governments are more likely to enhance adaptation and create pathways for transformation.