Utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles for the detection and localization of deteriorations in historical structures: a case study of Ishak Pasha Palace

Abstract

The historical structures are one of the cornerstones of cultural heritage, shedding light on humanity's past. With their artistic and architectural values, they serve as significant monuments reflecting the lifestyles, beliefs, and technological advancements of past civilizations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify and document the deteriorations occurred after the restoration of Ishak Pasha Palace located in the Doğubayazıt district of Ağrı province, using a UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) obtained 3D model and orthophotos. Within the scope of the study, three main types of deterioration arising from physical, chemical, and biological effects on Ishak Pasha Palace were investigated using the 3D model. As a result of the research, deformations such as crystallization, formation of plant and formation of moss were generally observed on the side walls of the historical building, while deformations such as missing part, surface contamination, metal corrosion formation and lichen formation were observed in the interior walls and roof parts of the building. Subsequently, all obtained results were visualized in detail. Identification of these types of deterioration is crucial for the preservation and restoration of historical structures, enabling appropriate interventions to be made. Regular maintenance and conservation of architectural structures are of critical importance in the transmission of cultural heritage to future generations. Ultimately, it is believed that this study will contribute to the widespread adoption of UAV usage in the detection of deteriorations observed in historical structures.