Successful management of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease caused by SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis) is an autolimited process, which can be caused by viral agents like Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus, HIV, B19 parvovirus, paromyxoviruses, SARS-CoV-2, Toxoplasma and Yersinia. The correct diagnosis is based on histological findings. A 45-year-old female patient presented in our ambulatory room with a unilateral neck mass, fever, dysphonia and dysphagia. The patient was double-Tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 approximately 1 month before the symptoms started. Before examination, the nasopharyngeal rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 resulted negative. After hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic (Augmentin, 3 × 1.2 g; Klion, 2 × 100 mg) and steroid (Solu-Medrol, 2 × 125 mg) therapy were administered. The neck and chest CT described a right-sided retropharyngeal abscess with bilateral neck lympadenopathy. Urgent tracheotomy, neck dissection and lymph node biopsy were made. The intraoperative findings excluded the presence of the abscess. The histological findings confirmed the necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis. Despite of the fact that the Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is autolimited, we can see that, in this particular case, the lymphadenopathy after the SARS-CoV-2 infection caused a lifethreatening situation. The formed extratissular liquid imitated the image of a retropharyngeal abscess. In the searched worldwide literature, similar intervention for this type of process was not described. Tracheotomy, neck dissection and removing the lymph nodes as ,,trigger zones" caused the full recovery of the patient. In the future, we consider important proving and clarifying the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.