Impact of Temperature and Rainfall on Agricultural Production in the Southern Part of Bangladesh

Abstract

Temperature and rainfall are the vital factors of agricultural production. There have lot of factors affecting rice production in Bangladesh. Researchers identified these factors under different categories like farmers individuals, demographic, environmental factors and technological changes.  The purpose of this study is to illustrate the lifestyle of agricultural households and explore the connections between the production of rice and several important environmental variables.  This study was conducted using a well-structured questionnaire for data collection after Aman season in 2023 and quantitative approach for identifying the impact of temperature and rainfall on agricultural production. This study used descriptive analysis and Cobb-Doughlas production function for determining impact of temperature and rainfall on agricultural production. According to the analysis, nearly all farmers are small-holders, with 53.5% earning between 1,000 and 15,000 BDT annually, 32% cultivating property under lease, and only 26% cultivating their own land.   The main findings are that the temperature has a large negative impact on production, which is -.200 meaning that 1 percent increase in the temperature lead to a 0.200 percent decrease in agricultural output.  Rainfall has also a negative impact of -0.071 indicates that 1 percent increase in the rainfall reduces agricultural production of 0.071 percent. Besides these, fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation and labor force positively affect the crop yield. Land area and seed usage are statistically insignificant in rice production in southern region of Bangladesh. The results of the study clearly show that rainfall and temperature have statistically significant and negative impact on the gross return on production in the southern region of Bangladesh. Temperature and rainfall appear drastically change in Bangladesh and shows extreme features of temperature and rainfall that influences agricultural production, intensive study is needed for this perspective to make effective policy regarding agricultural production.