Gaining soft power by fostering science, technology,and innovation: dilemmas in international relations

Abstract

This chapter investigates the relation between Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) and Soft Power at the country level. To develop this discussion, first, we review the literature on the concept of Soft Power through Joseph Nye’s theoretical analysis and its recent interpretation by.1 Both argue that Soft Power is a diffuse tool of power through cultural and symbolic aspects. The role of STI in enhancing Soft Power and its influence in the international arena is updated through available recent literature. Data analysis is based on figures collected from the Global Innovation Index (GII) and its Special Chapter of Science and Technology Clusters and Soft Power 30. It was oriented to investigate the influence of STI in obtaining Soft Power, broadening the debate on recent literature. The research shows that although gaining Soft Power also requires culture/education, international policies, and universalistic values, STI plays an essential role in Soft Power.