Fabrication of nanoindented electrodes for glucose detection

Abstract

Background: The objective of this article was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a novel type of glucose biosensors based on the use of atomic force microscopy to create nanoindented electrodes (NIDEs) for the selective detection of glucose. Methods: Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation techniques were extended to covalently immobilized glucose oxidase on NIDEs via composite hydrogel membranes composed of interpenetrating networks of inherently conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) tetramethacrylate grown within ultraviolet cross-linked hydroxyethylmethacrylatebased hydrogels to produce an in vitro amperometric NIDE biosensor for the long-term monitoring of glucose. Results: The calibration curve for glucose was linear from 0.25 to 20 mM. Results showed that the NIDE glucose biosensor has a much higher detection sensitivity of 0.32 μA/m M and rapid response times (<5 seconds). There was no interference from the competing interferent (fructose) present; the only interference was from species that react with H2O2 (ascorbic acid). The linear equation was Bresponse (μA) = 0.323 [glucose] (mM) + 0.634 (μA); n = 24, r2 = 0.994. Conclusion: Results showed that the resultant NIDE glucose biosensor increases the dynamic range, device sensitivity, and response time and has excellent detecting performance for glucose. © Diabetes Technology Society.