Absence of a Hernia Sack in Patients Undergoing Prenatal Repair of Spina Bifida Increases the Risk of Developing Shunt-Dependent Hydrocephalus

Abstract

Spina bifida aperta (SBA), with (myelomeningocele) or without (myeloschisis) a hernia sack, is the most common congenital defect of the central nervous system. Prenatal surgical closure of SBA lowers the risk for developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus, which offers a chance at improved motor, urinary, and gastrointestinal function. A total of 96 patients who had undergone open surgery prenatal repair for SBA were analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I—12 patients (12.5%)—without a hernia sack (myeloschisis) and Group II—84 patients (87.5%)—with a hernia sack (myelomeningocele). In this study, we demonstrated that prenatal SBA repair was statistically significantly less often associated with the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting (p > 0.00001). The shunting was statistically significantly more often required in patients from Group I (p > 0.004). The absence of a hernia sack increases the risk for developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in patients after prenatal SBA repair. However, as prenatal SBA repair is associated with better motor, urinary, and gastrointestinal function, increased risk of developing shunt-dependent hydrocephalus in fetuses without a hernia sack should not be treated as a contraindication to prenatal intervention.