Imaging Diagnosis—Peritoneal Splenosis in a Dog: Computed Tomographic Findings

Abstract

This report describes a case of peritoneal splenosis in a dog, identified following the discovery of multiple peritoneal nodules on computed tomography (CT) performed for the evaluation of a compressive myelopathy. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the presence of ectopic splenic tissue without evidence of malignancy. In dogs, splenosis results from autotransplantation of splenic tissue within the peritoneal cavity, following splenic injury or surgery. Although most cases are incidental findings, nodule enlargement or rupture may occasionally lead to clinical consequences. This case emphasizes the importance of considering splenosis in the differential diagnosis of peritoneal nodules, particularly when they are not associated with peritoneal effusion and in animals with a history of splenic disease or abdominal trauma.