Alkalinization improves the quality of lidocaine-fentanyl epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section

Abstract

This double-blind randomized study of 116 healthy women was undertaken to evaluate whether alkalinization potentiated the analgesic effects of epidural fentanyl-lidocaine for elective Caesarean section. After a test-dose of 3 ml, lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1:200,000, all patients received 100 μg, fentanyl in 5 ml saline and they were then divided into two groups, to receive incremental doses of 5 ml lidocaine 2% with adrenaline 1:200,000 with or without 0.1 mEq · ml-1 sodium bicarbonate, to obtain anaesthesia to T4. The addition of bicarbonate to lidocaine resulted in a mean (SD)pH increase from 6.58 (0.01) to 7.14 (0.02) and in a mean PCO2 increase from 3.8 (0.8) to 345.1 (5.9) mmHg. Onset of sensory analgesia to the S1 segment as well as the interval between the block and the delivery of the baby were shorter in the bicarbonate group (respectively 15.4 (6.9) vs 18.9 (4.8) min and 28.9 (9.5) versus 33.9 (11.8) min; P < 0.01 and 0.05). No differences were noted in the onset to T4 or in the degree of motor block. The percentage of patients experiencing pain during surgery and requiring intravenous analgesics was higher in the group which did not receive bicarbonate (3% vs 16%; P < 0.05). There were no differences in intraoperative maternal side-effects, neonatal outcome or in maternal venous and umbilical venous and arterial lidocaine concentrations between the groups. The concentrations of fentanyl in maternal plasma, umbilical artery, and the umbilical artery to maternal vein ratio were greater in the alkalinized group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, alkalinization improves the quality and reliability of epidural anaesthesia provided with fentanyl and lidocaine for Caesarean section in healthy mothers. © 1993 Canadian Anesthesiologists.