ВUDGETARY STIMULATION MECHANISMS FOR THE TRANSPORT COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY

Abstract

The paper's significance lies in the necessity to rationalise state support for transport companies in view of the constant shortage of their financial resources, the need to minimise their costs and to create an effective system of redistribution between certain areas of activity by combining the budgeting system and the information component of cost management. The article aims to justify budgetary incentives' mechanisms for developing the economy of Ukraine's transport sector. To achieve this, general scientific analysis and synthesis methods, along with specific techniques like constructing analytical tables, evaluating budget expenditure dynamics and structure, and generalisations were applied. Key findings: the proportions of growth in budget expenditures in 2021-2023 in terms of expenditures on economic activity, transport, and road infrastructure by the items of the Consolidated, State, and local budgets of Ukraine are established. It is demonstrated that lending to transport is equivalent to lending to the road sector, and it underpins the expenses of both the Consolidated and State Budgets. The data indicate that the primary portion of expenses on transport and the road sector is allocated from the State Budget of Ukraine. The amount of financing from regional and city budgets is substantially less while financing from rural budgets is minimal. In the years 2021-2023, budget funding for all subsectors within the Ukrainian transport complex decreased, with the exception of water transport. It is indicated that the primary spending priority within Ukraine's transport sector is the expansion and upkeep of the public road network of national significance, considered a development expense due to its economic nature. It is evident that budgetary incentives for transport sector development are implemented to eliminate financial support discrimination against all modes of transport, particularly the road sector, compared to automobiles. Innovative projects in air, water and rail transport should be prioritised for budget support. The prospect of further research is to develop recommendations for the application of the programme-based approach to the financing of transport enterprises.