The Evolution of Ecuador's Foreign Policy in the 21st Century: Analysis from the Theory of Peripheral Realism

Abstract

This article analyses the evolution of Ecuador's foreign policy during the governments of Rafael Correa, Lenín Moreno and Guillermo Lasso in the framework of the theoretical postulates of peripheral realism, which argues that small and medium-sized states should develop a policy of collaboration with major powers and reduce their opposition to those events that directly affect the interests of their nationals. To this end, key moments in each of the abovementioned governments are analysed, including the closure of the Manta Base, the relationship with the IMF, the handover of Julian Assange and the purchase of vaccines against Covid-19. The article concludes by showing how the three presidents developed strategies that did not maximise Ecuador's interests, as they alternated policies where confrontation with the great powers was generalized with policies that prioritised rapprochement with them at the expense of national interests.