Olfactory and gustatory outcomes following endoscopic transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory, gustatory, and quality-of-life outcomes in patients who underwent endonasal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. Methods: In this prospective study, the patients were assessed subjectively using the Malay version of sQOD-NS (short questionnaire of olfactory disorders in a negative statement) and objectively using the culturally adapted Sniffin’ Sticks smell test and taste test preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. The Sniffin’ Sticks smell test consists of odor identification, odor discrimination, and odor threshold tests. The taste test consists of different sweet, salt, sour, and bitter concentrations. Results: Twenty patients were enrolled in the study. The study comprises 45% female and 55% male. On average patients’ ages were 49.5 years. In this study we found a significantly reduced in odor identification score (p = 0.049) post-surgery; however, there was no statistically significant difference in odor threshold, odor discrimination, and taste. The olfactory quality of life outcome based on the Malay version of sQOD-NS (p = 0.001) was significantly reduced after surgery. There was no significant difference in the Sniffin’ Sticks smell test (p < 0.178) and taste test (p < 0.425) pre-surgery and post-surgery. The tumor’s location, either sellar or suprasellar, did not influence the smell outcome of patients postoperatively (p = 0.056). Conclusion: The study showed that the endoscopic transsphenoidal technique for pituitary surgery does not pose permanent olfactory disability.