Knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward epilepsy in Palestine: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder that remains misunderstood and stigmatized, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Palestine. Misconceptions may hinder diagnosis, treatment, and social inclusion. Objective: To assess knowledge, awareness, and attitudes toward epilepsy in the Palestinian population and identify sociodemographic predictors. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and April 2025 using an online, self-administered questionnaire. A total of 570 adults (aged 18–65) participated. Scores for knowledge (0–16), awareness (0–10), and attitude (0–28) were calculated and categorized as “good” or “positive” using predefined cutoffs. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression identified significant predictors. Results: Among the 570 participants, 297 (52.1%) had good knowledge, 282 (49.5%) had good awareness, and 471 (82.5%) held positive attitudes toward people with epilepsy. Higher education, especially postgraduate, was the strongest predictor of all three outcomes. For example, postgraduate education was associated with significantly greater odds of favorable awareness (OR = 5.60) and positive attitude (OR = 4.38). Male gender was independently associated with lower awareness (OR = 0.59). Conclusion: While knowledge and awareness remain moderate, attitudes toward people with epilepsy in Palestine are broadly supportive. Educational level is a consistent determinant of improved epilepsy literacy. Targeted public health interventions, especially for men and those with less formal education, can build on existing social acceptance to reduce stigma and promote better care.