Altered ripple density inside seizure onset zone in patients with focal cortical dysplasia-associated epilepsy

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) features and postsurgical outcome in a uniform series of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery and had pathologically confirmation of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Methods: We studied consecutive patients with drug-refractory epilepsy who underwent SEEG recording. The high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) features of SEEG, clinical characteristics, and surgical outcome were evaluated. Results: Sixty patients (31 FCD type I, 13 II, and 16 III) were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with type II tended to have their seizures at an earlier age than those with I and III (p