Implementation of group interpersonal therapy to treat depression in people living with HIV: A first evaluation of IPT dissemination in Senegal

Abstract

Group interpersonal therapy (IPT) was introduced to Senegal to treat depression in people living with HIV (PLWH), using a task-shifting approach. Following successful implementation at a tertiary-level hospital in Dakar, we evaluate IPT’s acceptability, feasibility and benefits in primary and secondary-level suburban health facilities. We assess the impact of IPT adaptations and organizational changes and identify sustainability requirements. PLWH with depression received group IPT following the World Health Organization protocol. Acceptability, feasibility and implementation aspects were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively following specific conceptual frameworks. Depressive symptoms severity (PHQ-9) and functioning (WHODAS) were measured pre-, post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up. General linear mixed models were used to describe changes in outcomes over time. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Of 84 participants (median age: 45, female>50%), 81 completed group IPT. Enrolment refusal and dropout rates were 7% and 4%. Ninety-seven percent attended at least seven sessions out of eight. Depressive symptoms and functioning significantly improved by therapy’s end (β = 12,2, CI 95% [11.6, 12.8] and β = 8.5, CI 95% [7.3, 9.7], respectively) with gains being sustained 3 months later (p = 0.94 and 0.99, respectively). Adaptations and organizational changes proved successful, but depression screening and diagnosis communication to patients remained challenging. Emerging needs included a tailored patient care pathway and confidentiality. Participants advocated for depression care integration into HIV services. Group IPT’s successful implementation in various ecological and organizational contexts in Senegal indicates high acceptability and feasibility. Sustainability may be enhanced by addressing specific needs at multiple levels (individual, organizational, systemic). A comprehensive reflection on strategies to sustain and scale up group IPT is the next logical step.