An update on zika virus: history, emergence and future aspects

Abstract

At present time Zika virus is a serious emerging health problem worldwide. At first it was assumed to be an endemic disease but emergence beyond borders of Africa made it a serious issue globally. Zika virus was first time discovered in 1947 from the blood of Rhesus monkey in Uganda. The disease is mild during the first few days of infection with rash, fever, conjunctivitis and arthralgia. The transmission of virus occurs through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito but reports have also shown evidence of transmission through sexual and parental means. Till now no proper vaccines are developed for Zika virus. Zika Virus after being studied for so long for its pathology, virology, vectors, genetic diversities and its ability to co-exist with other viral strains; is still a big question for its transmission factors, viral strains, their adaptability and treatment. This review of literature was carried out to spread awareness among the general public for adversity and thus prevention of this disease globally.