Seroprevalence and risk factors of cysticercosis in two rural communities from northern of Anzoátegui state, Venezuela

Abstract

Introduction: Cysticercosis is caused by cysticerci of Taenia solium, which are located mainly in the central nervous system causing neurocysticercosis. In Venezuela few epidemiological studies have been carried out. Objetive: To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for cysticercosis in two rural communities in Anzoátegui state. Material and methods: A survey where were collected data on possible risk factors and signs and symptoms of the disease was done and 182 samples were taken from 2 communities, Boquerón and Punto Lindo. Detection of IgG antibodies against T. solium cysticerci was performed by ELISA. Results: Boquerón had a seroprevalence of 3.3%; due to the low number of seropositives the statistical analysis was no possible. However, the 3 seropositives had knowledge of the disease, and a history of consumption of undercooked pork meat and headache. The Punto Lindo seroprevalence was 28.9%. There were no significant differences by gender or age however, more seropositives were found in individuals younger than 20 years. With regard to risk factors and signs and symptoms, significant associations were found with: consumption of undercooked pork (OR 18; 95% CI 5.78 to 55.9), headaches (OR 3.6; 95% CI 1.15 to 11.4), seizures (OR 18.9; 95% CI 2.15 to 166.5) and visual problems (OR 5.7; 95% CI 2.13 to 15.34). Conclusions: The results showed low transmission of cysticercosis in Boquerón, and high in Punto Lindo where the high prevalence in children suggests recent transmission.