The development of mobile learning based on augmented reality to strengthen student digital ethics

Abstract

Abstract: Indonesia experiences low levels of digital civility, especially in Surakarta, where students are vulnerable to fake news and hate speech due to limited critical thinking skills. Digital ethics refers to safe, responsible, and ethical behavior by internet users. Incorporating augmented reality into Civic Education fosters digital ethics and promotes educational values among students. This research aims to develop augmented reality-based mobile learning tools suitable for Civic Education lessons. The research follows a 4D-development framework involving defining, designing, developing, and disseminating stages. The study involved 120 student participants and included validation by two academic experts, two media specialists, and four civic education teachers. Data collection methods encompassed observations, literature reviews, interviews, and questionnaires, with the questionnaire serving as the primary instrument. The results show that the augmented reality-based learning tool achieved excellent ratings: 85 from academic experts, 88 from media specialists, 86 from teachers, and 88 from students, categorizing it as very effective. The tool also improved students digital ethics and is recommended for use in Civic Education programs.