The journey to LDL-C goal in the era of combination lipid lowering therapy and why it matters for ASCVD patients: a UK perspective

Abstract

Objective: We aim to explore the concept of distance and journey to goal, and consideration of these 2 elements a priori when choosing LLT. Methods: Modelling of expected % LDL-C reductions was carried out on a range of hypothetical patients’ baseline LDL-C values prior to any LLT being commenced. Therapies were then added in a stepwise manner based on the pathway demonstrated in current national guidance and compared with goal achievement on a novel LLT optimization pathway implemented in Morecambe Bay NHS Trust. Results: Modelling of a stepwise lipid management pathway shows that high-intensity statin monotherapy is not sufficient in most modelled baseline LDL-C scenarios to achieve guideline-recommended goals. Furthermore, ezetimibe second line may preclude 3rd line injectable prescribing and lead to “ezetimibe limbo” where the patient is now below the reimbursement threshold for injectable prescribing but still not achieving their LDL-C target. Overall goal achievement is poor across the spectrum of modelled LDL-C levels. In contrast, by following the Morecambe Bay pathway all patients on statin for the range of hypothetical baseline LDL-C levels can reach an LDL-C target of < 1.8 mmol/L. Conclusions: This study identifies a therapeutic gap when following a stepwise approach highlighted by recent national guidance. Our proposal of a novel pathway highlights that the order in which drugs are added is important in the context of national reimbursement thresholds and allows LDL-C goal to be reached in a timely manner, regardless of the starting baseline LDL-C level.