Fetal growth restriction

Abstract

Small for gestational age (SGA) are defined as those with an ultrasound estimated weight below a threshold, most commonly the 10th centile. SGA represent a heterogeneous population that comprises several phenotypes. The first clinically relevant step is the distinction of "true" fetal growth restriction, associated with signs of abnormal fetoplacental function and poorer perinatal outcome, from constitutional small-for-gestational age, with a near-normal perinatal outcome. An early detection of SGA has several potential benefits. The suspicion of an impaired growth will prompt further investigations, such as the umbilical artery Doppler study, which has been shown to reduce stillbirth and increase preterm delivery without increasing neonatal mortality. Early diagnosis will lead the clinician and the mother to deliberate the optimal timing of delivery.