Measured electrical properties of snow and glacial ice

Abstract

The electrical properties of snow and glacial ice near 0? C have been observed over the frequency range from 20 cycles per second to 200 kilocycles per second. In general, the conductivity of snow and glacial ice is found to be much higher than that for pure ice. This is particularly so at frequencies below 2 kilocycles per second. The magnitude of the complex conductivity for glacial ice appears to increase with temperature at frequencies below 200 cycles per second and to decrease with temperature above this frequency.