On some biases encountered in modern audio quality listening tests (Part 2): Selected graphical examples and discussion

Abstract

This paper provides complementary data to the review of biases in audio quality listening tests by Zieliński et al. (2008) [1]. The paper presents selected illustrations of range equalizing bias, centering bias, stimulus spacing bias, contraction bias, and bias due to nonlinear properties of assessment scale. The illustrations are given in graphical form and respective discussions of biases using empirical data obtained by various researchers over the period of the past 15 years. The presented collection of illustrations along with the discussion may help the experimenters to identify potential biases affecting their data and avoid typical pitfalls in reporting the outcomes of the listening tests.