Determinan Simpanan Dana Pihak Ketiga Bank Syariah: Adakah Dampak Turbulansi Ekonomi?

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak turbulansi ekonomi, pembiayaan syariah, ukuran bank, permodalan, dan profitabilitas terhadap dana pihak ketiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan data triwulanan sepuluh bank syariah di Indonesia mulai 2017 – 2022. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data panel, dengan model terpilih adalah random effect. Hasil membuktikan bahwa turbulansi ekonomi berdampak buruk terhadap dana pihak ketiga bank syariah. Permodalan bank berdampak negatif terhadap penghimpunan dana pihak ketiga, sementara pembiayaan syariah mendorong peningkatan dana pihak ketiga bank syariah. Penelitian tidak menemukan adanya pengaruh signifikan ukuran bank dan profitabilitas terhadap penghimpunan dana. Pengaruh turbulansi ekonomi terhadap dana pihak ketiga bank juga berlaku ketika digunakan pertumbuhan produk domestik bruto (PDB) sebagai pengganti variabel dummy krisis. Pertumbuhan PDB terbukti secara signifikan berdampak positif terhadap dana pihak ketiga bank syariah. Temuan ini memiliki implikasi praktis bahwa Pemerintah dan Bank Indonesia perlu menjaga stabilitas pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Manajemen bank syariah perlu menjaga ketersediaan dana pihak ketiga agar sejalan dengan kebutuhan pembiayaan. Penelitian ini mendukung teori siklus bisnis berkaitan dengan dampak negatif turbulansi ekonomi terhadap aktivitas bisnis bank.The economic turbulence caused by the Covid-19 outbreak does not seem to have a negative impact on bank third party deposits. This research aims to examine the impact of economic turbulence, sharia financing, bank size, capital, and profitability on third party funds. This research uses quarterly data from ten Islamic banks in Indonesia from 2017 - 2022. The data is analyzed using panel data analysis techniques, with the best model of random effects. The results prove that economic turbulence negatively impacts the deposits of the sharia banks. Bank capital decreases sharia bank deposits, while sharia financing increases the deposits. The research did not find any significant influence of bank size and profitability on the third party funds. The effect of economic turbulence on deposits also applies when gross domestic product (GDP) growth is used as a substitute for the crisis dummy variable. GDP growth has a significant positive impact on third party deposits. These findings imply that the Government and Bank Indonesia need to maintain the stability of national economic growth. Sharia bank management needs to maintain the availability of third party funds in line with financing needs. This research also supports the business cycle theory regarding the negative impact of economic turbulence on bank business activities.