EcologÍa reproductiva del bobo cafÉ (sula leucogaster) en tres is-las del pacÍfico tropical mexicano

Abstract

The Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) is a seabird that breeds in islands of tropical and subtropical seas. In the Mexican Pacific, it has been the subject of several studies, but little was known on the dynamics of its colonies and the influence of oceanic variables on them. We studied the breeding ecology of the Brown Booby at three southern Mexico islands: Pajarera and Cocinas in Bahía Chamela, Jalisco, and Peña Blanca in Colima. We visited each island monthly from January 2008 to December 2009. There were more nests in 2008 than in 2009, estimated maximum annual colony size (2008 and 2009, respectively) was 724 and 758 breeding pairs at Cocinas, 895 and 1,071 at Pajarera, and 15,215 and 15,801 at Peña Blanca. We observed active nesting year-round, but the highest densities in both years were from April to July, when sea surface temperature was higher and levels of chlorophyll a, lower. The breeding period was associated with the presence of warm water masses, which is the opposite to the pattern previously recorded in Gulf of California colonies, but coincided with the presence of migratory fish. This difference in breeding phenology seems an adaptation to match local conditions (prey availability) during chick rearing. Breeding parameters (higher clutch size, egg volume, hatching success) point out that Peña Blanca, the largest colony, was superior to the other colonies in terms of breeding. Differences among years and colonies seem related to oceanic variability, which affects the local availability of prey. Based on the size of the colony, which makes it one of the largest colonies along the Mexican Pacific coast, the Peña Blanca colony qualifies to be nominated as Important Bird Area (IBA).