Treatment-resistant anxiety disorders: Social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder

Abstract

Objectives: Anxiety disorders are common psychiatric conditions that cause significant disability, poor quality of life and enormous social cost. Although treatments with demonstrable efficacy are available a great number of patients fail to respond or remains with clinically significant residual symptoms after treatment. The objective of this study is to review aspects related to treatment resistance and pharmacological strategies to deal with anxiety disorders resistant to treatment. Method: Narrative review. Results: We discuss conceptual aspects related to treatment resistance or refractoriness, predictors of poor treatment outcome, and finally, some strategies to deal with anxiety disorders (including social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder) that do not respond to standard therapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Treatment resistance in anxiety disorders remains a challenge to clinical practice going from non standardized concepts of response and resistance to a paucity of controlled studies concerning therapeutic strategies.