Registry of Genetic Alterations of Taiwan Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer by Comprehensive Next-Generation Sequencing: A Real-World Cohort Study-Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group T1521

Abstract

PURPOSE: Tissue-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis is highly recommended for patients with advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated a specific patient population with NSCLC that required tissue-based NGS analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 500 patients with advanced/metastatic (1) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations or anaplastic large-cell lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement-positive NSCLC who had failed at minimum one line of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, (2) EGFR-/ALK-negative nonsquamous, and (3) non- or light-smoker patients with squamous NSCLC who were treatment-naïve or had failed at maximum two lines of systemic treatment. These patients were divided into five cohorts. Comprehensive tissue-based NGS testing (ACTOnco+) was conducted. RESULTS: Cohort 1: EGFR TKI-pretreated EGFR-mutated population (50.0%, n = 250), cohort 2: ALK inhibitor-pretreated ALK-positive population (1.6%, n = 8), cohort 3: treatment-naïve EGFR-/ALK-negative population (28.2%, n = 141), cohort 4: pretreated EGFR-/ALK-negative population (16.8%, n = 84), and cohort 5: squamous cell carcinoma (3.4%, n = 17). In cohort 1, 11.2% (28/250) of the patients had MET amplification, 32.4% (81/250) had been treated with osimertinib, and EGFR C797S was detected in 6.2% (5/81) of these patients. In cohort 2, resistance ALK mutation was detected in 37.5% (3/8) of the patients. In cohorts 3 and 4, targetable genetic alterations, including EGFR mutation (13.3%), ERBB2 mutation (9.3%), MET exon 14 skipping (5.3%), KRAS G12C mutation (4.4%), ROS1 fusion (2.7%), RET fusion (1.8%), and BRAF V600E mutation (1.3%), were detected. In cohort 5, MET exon 14 skipping was detected in 29.4% (5/17) of the patients. CONCLUSION: This multicenter registration study investigated tissue-based NGS for a specific patient population with NSCLC in Taiwan.