Determinants of Childhood Stunting in Central Java, Indonesia: The Role of Maternal Mental Health and Child Health History

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia reduced the prevalence of stunting from 37.6% in 2013 to 21.6% in 2022; however, it remains above the 2024 target of 14%. In Central Java, the prevalence is 20.7%, underscoring the need for targeted interventions. This study examined the determinants of stunting in children in Central Java. Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted in June-July 2024 across selected districts. A total of 138 children aged 6 to 59 months were included in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and medical records. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used for bivariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Stunted children more often had pulmonary infections (87.5%), low birth weight (84.6%), and a history of hospitalization (53.5%). Maternal postpartum depression (82.4%) and low education levels were also significant. Hospitalization (OR 5.985, P < .01) and postpartum depression (OR 5.155, P < .05) remained key predictors. Conclusion: Integrated strategies addressing healthcare, maternal mental health, and nutrition are essential for reducing stunting.